Code was produced and ran on platform x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 and R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22).



Freedom House (freedomhouse.org), International Telecommunications Union (itu.net), and the Database of Political Institutions (Beck et al. 2001) data were collected in September 2016. Polity IV (Marshall, Gurr, and Jaggers 2016), GDP per capita and population (data.worldbank.org) data were collected in February 2017. Varieties of Democracy (Coppedge et al. 2021) dataset was collected in March 2020. Reporters Without Borders (rsf.org) data was collected in April 2020.

Beck, Thorsten, George Clarke, Alberto Groff, Philip Keefer, and Patrick Walsh. 2001. “New Tools in Comparative Political Economy: The Database of Political Institutions.” The World Bank Economic Review 15, no. 1 (June 1): 165–176. issn: 0258-6770, accessed August 18, 2017. doi:10.1093/wber/15.1.165. https://academic.oup.com/wber/article/ 15/1/165/1682021/New-Tools-in-Comparative-Political-Economy-The.

Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, and Lisa Gastaldi. 2021. “V-Dem Codebook v11.”

Marshall, Monty G., Ted Robert Gurr, and Keith Jaggers. 2016. “Polity IV project: Political regime characteristics and transitions, 1800–2015.” Center for Systemic Peace.

Reporters Without Borders. 2016. “The World Press Freedom Index | Reporters without borders.” RSF. Data collected from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index on April 11, 2020. April 19. Accessed March 15, 2021. https://rsf.org/en/world-press- freedom-index.
